For people with psychiatric disabilities, employment could be a kind of purpose, measure, goal in life, in addition, it could be sometimes therapy. Although there have been many efforts to realize their employment by themselves and practitioners for long time, it still has not been easy to achieve it. On the other hand, for the achievement of their employment, supports by Supported Employment model (SE-model) is considered the one of effective measures in employment support for people with psychiatric disabilities. Because, they have many significant difficulties to get and keep employment, and therefore they need supports such as not only skill training for work but also supports in work pace for adjustment or coordinate of relations with employer or colleague. Of course, also in Japan, there are some policies and systems on which SE-model is conducted. But persons who are able to get effective practice of SE-model are not so many. Then, I'll show the actual condition of SE-model practice and policies related it in Japan, and discuss the problems of them. And I'll try to make some suggestion to spread and to realize easier achievement of employment of persons with mental disabilities.

Full paper: Ritsu Yamamura_2010_The Policies and its Challenge to Conduct SE-model.pdf

Since 2005, Chinese cities have begun to establish community centres for young people with intellectual disabilities as a step to provide training and activities. Following the lead of Shanghai and Beijing, the national government recommended replicating the Shanghai Sunshine Home model in cities throughout China in 2008. But the effectiveness of this model has not been systematically researched. This study uses mixed methods to ask whether the Sunshine model contributes to social inclusion for young people with intellectual disability. It finds that the model has successfully achieved social contact, quality of life, skills training and even transition to employment for people who attend the centres. The implementation experience has generated lessons for future policy development, particularly to address the limitations of the model, such as alternative support for people with higher support needs.

Karen R. Fisher, Associate Professor, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Karen.fisher@unsw.edu.au

Zeng Fanlin, Associate Professor, School of Preschool and Special Education, East China Normal University, flzeng69@126.com

Full paper: Karen_Fisher_2010_Shanghai Sunshine homes.pdf

Background  Disabled persons' access to assistive technology heavily depends on public support. However, gays tend to exist between the needs of the disabled person and the needs defined by administrative apparatus. Using the experiences of buying wheelchairs, this research is aimed to identify such gap from the standpoint of persons with severe physical disability and to explore underlying assumptions behind the administrative processes. 

Method  Institutional ethnography, developed by Dorothy Smith, is adopted as research design. The experience of a woman with physical disability who tries to apply to buy new wheelchairs through the official process is collected through in-depth interviews. Her experience is contextualized in the administrative process, which data is collected through interviewing related players, including medical professionals, experienced users and agents for assistive technology, in order to map out the social relations behind this policy.

Result  Research findings illustrate professionalism as the ideology reproducing through this whole process which systematically excludes the views of these disabled persons.  In this system, people with disability are considered by the professional authority as incapable of determining their own needs and therefore unworthy opportunities for self-determination.  On the other hand, people with disability tend to network among themselves to develop and disseminate counter n knowledge regarding the subsidy policy to satisfy their unmet needs. 
Conclusion  The subjectivity of people with disability grow up from this gap between policy and practices among their own network with assistance from agents and professionals.  The capacity for producing knowledge to resist administrative regime that deny the needs of people with disability needs to be recognized in the future for a better welfare policy for disabled persons.

Song-Jin Yang
Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Full paper: Song-Jin Yang_2010_Mother tongue. A narrative analysis of polio and mothering.pdf